Madni Qaida in English Page 19 – Lesson 4: Similar Sounds Chart (Throat and Lip Letters)
Welcome to Madni Qaida in English Page 19 at Learning Quraan. Page 19 continues Lesson 4 with the throat letters and other easily confused sounds, and ends with a short recommended invocation.
This page is part of Lesson 4: Similar-Sounding Letters (Rawan Reading). See every page on the Madni Qaida in English index, or learn with a teacher in our online Quran courses.
What is on Madni Qaida in English Page 19?
- ح/ه and ء/ع compared with every vowel.
- خ/غ, ب/م, و/ف and ل/ن side by side.
- The invocation Ya Khabeeru, recommended for steadfastness on the Sunnah.
How to Practise This Page
- Read the rows fluently (Rawan) without spelling each letter out.
- Contrast the pairs out loud: ت/ط, س/ث/ص, ذ/ز/ظ/ض, ك/ق, ه/ح, ء/ع.
- If a sound is unclear, go back to the Makharij chart before moving on.
Every Row on Page 19
This page continues Lesson 4 with eight more rows, read Rawan (straight off, without spelling). Again, each row puts two letters side by side so the difference can be heard. The table explains each set, starting with Ha from the bottom of the previous page:
| Letters | Where the sound is made | The difference |
|---|---|---|
| ه ح | Ha: deepest part of the throat. Ḥa: middle of the throat | Ha is a light breath; Ḥa is a sharper, squeezed breath. |
| ء ع | Hamzah: deepest part of the throat. Ain: middle of the throat | Hamzah is a quick catch; Ain is a tight, pressed sound. Neither is a plain “a”. |
| خ غ | The part of the throat nearest the mouth | Both heavy. Kha is a rough breath; Ghayn is the same place with the voice on, like a soft gargle. |
| د | Tip of the tongue against the roots of the upper front teeth | The same place as Ta and Ṭa; light. Do not let Dad turn into Dal. |
| ب م | Both lips | Ba: lips press and open. Meem: lips together, with the sound going through the nose. |
| و ف | Waw: rounded lips. Fa: inner lower lip against the edges of the upper front teeth | Waw never touches the teeth; Fa always does. The English “v” is neither. |
| ل ن | Tip of the tongue at the gum line of the upper front teeth | Lam is clear and light here; Noon carries a nasal sound. |
| ر | Tip of the tongue at the gum line, a little further back | One tap, never a long roll. Heavy with Fathah and Dammah, light with Kasrah. |
| ج ش ی | Middle of the tongue against the middle of the roof of the mouth | Same place: Jeem stops firmly, Sheen spreads its breath, Ya is soft. |
The Throat Letters
The top three rows are all throat letters, and they are the hardest part of this lesson for most learners. Arabic uses three points in the throat, from the deepest to the nearest: ء and ه, then ع and ح, then غ and خ. Practise them in that order, from the deepest point upwards.
The Name of Allah at the Bottom
The box at the foot of the page gives a short wazifa: يَا خَبِيْرُ (“O All-Aware”), one of the names of Allah. The book recommends repeating it often as a help towards piety and following the Sunnah, and cites Masa’il-ul-Quran, p. 290. It is also a good reading exercise: خَ with a Fathah and رُ with a Dammah, both heavy.
Mistakes to Watch For
- Ain read as Alif. عَ must be pressed in the throat; it is not the same as ءَ.
- Ḥa read as Ha. حَ is sharper and comes from higher in the throat than هَ.
- Waw read as “v”. In وَ وِ وُ the lips round and the teeth stay out of it.
- A rolling Ra. رَ is one light tap of the tongue.
A Five-Minute Practice Plan
- Minute 1: read the throat rows: ءَ then هَ; عَ then حَ; غَ then خَ.
- Minute 2: read the lip letters: بَ then مَ then وَ then فَ.
- Minute 3: read the last four rows across, Rawan.
- Minute 4: read the whole of Lesson 4 from page 18, Fathah boxes only.
- Minute 5: read the Check Yourself line below.
Check Yourself
حَ · عِ · ءُ · غَ · خِ · مُ · فَ · وِ · نُ · شِ
Source: the page shown above is from the Madani Qa‘idah (English edition), Lesson 4, book page 8, published by Maktaba-tul-Madinah (Dawat-e-Islami). The places of the letters follow Faizan-e-Tajweed (Dawat-e-Islami), pp. 16–17 and 20. Lesson notes written by Learning Quraan.
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Page images: Madani Qa’idah, published by Maktaba-tul-Madinah (Dawat-e-Islami), shown here as a study reference.
