Madni Qaida in English Page 45 – Lesson 15 Examples and Lesson 16: Tafkheem and Tarqeeq
Welcome to Madni Qaida in English Page 45 at Learning Quraan. Page 45 ends Lesson 15 with examples and begins Lesson 16, Tafkheem (thick tone) and Tarqeeq (thin tone).
This page is part of Lesson 16: Tafkheem and Tarqeeq (Thick and Thin). See every page on the Madni Qaida in English index, or learn with a teacher in our online Quran courses.
What is on Madni Qaida in English Page 45?
- More Meem Saakinah phrases such as وهم معرضون and عليهم غضب.
- Alif, Lam and Ra can be either thick or thin.
- The Lam of the name Allah: thick after Fathah or Dammah, thin after Kasrah.
How to Practise This Page
- Alif simply follows the letter before it: thick after a thick letter, thin after a thin one.
- The Lam in the name Allah is thick after Fathah or Dammah and thin after Kasrah.
- Go through the Ra conditions one by one before reading a word that has Ra.
The Last Meem Saakinah Examples
The two rows at the top finish Lesson 15 with eight more pairs, in the same order as page 44:
| Example | Rule | Where it occurs |
|---|---|---|
| وَهُمْ مُّعْرِضُوْنَ | Idgham Shafawi | Surah Al ‘Imran 3:23 |
| وَخَلَقْنٰكُمْ اَزْوَاجًا | Izhar Shafawi | Surah an-Naba 78:8 |
| وَمَا هُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِيْنَ | Ikhfa Shafawi | Surah al-Baqarah 2:8 |
| اَمْ صَبَرْنَا | Izhar Shafawi | Surah Ibrahim 14:21 |
| لَهُمْ مِّنَّا الْحُسْنٰى | Idgham Shafawi | Surah al-Anbiya 21:101 |
| ذٰلِكُمْ قَوْلُكُمْ | Izhar Shafawi | Surah al-Ahzab 33:4 |
| بَعْضُكُمْ بِبَعْضٍ | Ikhfa Shafawi | |
| عَلَيْهِمْ غَضَبٌ | Izhar Shafawi | Surah an-Nahl 16:106 |
Lesson 16: Tafkheem and Tarqeeq
Tafkheem means reading a letter thick (full, heavy); Tarqeeq means reading it thin (light). The seven Huroof-e-Musta‘liyah are always thick. Three letters change: ا Alif, ل Lam and ر Ra are sometimes thick and sometimes thin. This page gives the rules for the first two; the rules of Ra follow on page 46.
Alif Follows the Letter Before It
Alif has no weight of its own. After a thick letter it is thick: قَالَ, صِرَاطَ, خَالِدًا. After a thin letter it is thin: كَانَ, مَالًا, عَابِدٌ.
The Lam of the Name of Allah
The Lam in the name اللّٰه (Ism-e-Jalalat) is thick when the letter before it has a Fathah or a Dammah, and thin when it has a Kasrah. Every other Lam in the Quran is thin. Examples from the practice page:
| Example | Vowel before the Lam | Lam |
|---|---|---|
| اَللّٰهُ | start of reading (Fathah) | thick |
| وَاللّٰهُ | Fathah | thick |
| اِنَّ اللّٰهَ | Fathah | thick |
| رَسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ | Dammah | thick |
| رَضِيَ اللّٰهُ | Fathah | thick |
| قَالُوا اللّٰهُمَّ | Dammah | thick |
| لِلّٰهِ | Kasrah | thin |
| بِاللّٰهِ | Kasrah | thin |
| بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ | Kasrah | thin |
| قُلِ اللّٰهُمَّ | Kasrah | thin |
Mistakes to Watch For
- A thick Lam after Kasrah. بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ has a thin Lam.
- A thin Lam after Fathah. اِنَّ اللّٰهَ must sound full.
- Thickening other Lams. The Lam in صَلٰوةً or عَلٰى stays thin.
- Losing the Meem in Izhar. ذٰلِكُمْ قَوْلُكُمْ keeps a clear Meem before the Qaf.
A Five-Minute Practice Plan
- Minute 1: the eight Lesson 15 pairs.
- Minute 2: thick and thin Alif: قَالَ then كَانَ; طَالِبُ then تَابُوْا.
- Minute 3: the thick Lam examples.
- Minute 4: the thin Lam examples.
- Minute 5: read the Check Yourself line below and say “thick” or “thin” for each Lam.
Check Yourself
وَاللّٰهُ · لِلّٰهِ · رَسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ · بِاللّٰهِ · هُوَ اللّٰهُ · قُلِ اللّٰهُمَّ
Source: the page shown above is from the Madani Qa‘idah (English edition), Lessons 15 and 16, book page 34, published by Maktaba-tul-Madinah (Dawat-e-Islami). Quran references are given as surah and verse. Lesson notes written by Learning Quraan.
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← Previous: Page 44👉 Proceed to Page 46 – Lesson 16: Rules of Ra
Page images: Madani Qa’idah, published by Maktaba-tul-Madinah (Dawat-e-Islami), shown here as a study reference.
