Madni Qaida in English Page 48 – Lesson 17: Maddaat (Types of Madd)
Welcome to Madni Qaida in English Page 48 at Learning Quraan. Lesson 17 explains Madd (stretching): its two causes, Hamzah and Sukoon, and its six types with their lengths.
This page is part of Lesson 17: Maddaat (Types of Madd). See every page on the Madni Qaida in English index, or learn with a teacher in our online Quran courses.
What is on Madni Qaida in English Page 48?
- Madd Muttasil and Madd Munfasil: 4 to 5 counts.
- Madd Lazim and Madd Leen-Lazim: 6 counts.
- Madd ‘Aarid, caused by pausing at the end of a word.
How to Practise This Page
- First find the cause of the Madd: a Hamzah or a Sukoon after the Maddah letter.
- Stretch Muttasil and Munfasil 4 to 5 counts, Lazim and Leen-Lazim 6 counts.
- For Madd ‘Aarid and Leen-‘Aarid (at a pause), choose 2, 4 or 6 counts and stay consistent.
Lesson 17: The Maddaat
Madd means stretching. Lesson 7 taught the natural stretch of one Alif (two counts). Lesson 17 adds the longer ones. The page explains that a longer Madd has only two causes: a Hamzah or a Sukoon after the Letter of Maddah or Leen. That gives six types:
| Type | Cause | Example | Stretch |
|---|---|---|---|
| Madd Muttasil (joined) | Hamzah after a Letter of Maddah in the same word | جَآءَ | 2 or 2½ Alif (4 or 5 Harakaat) |
| Madd Munfasil (separate) | Hamzah after a Letter of Maddah, in the next word | فِيْٓ اَنْفُسِكُمْ | 2 or 2½ Alif (4 or 5 Harakaat) |
| Madd Lazim | An original Sukoon or a Tashdeed after a Letter of Maddah | جَآنٌّ | 3 Alif (6 Harakaat) |
| Madd Leen Lazim | An original Sukoon after a Letter of Leen | عٓ (‘ayn) | 3 Alif (6 Harakaat) |
| Madd ‘Aarid | A temporary Sukoon (from stopping) after a Letter of Maddah | مُسْلِمُوْنَ | Up to 3 Alif (6 Harakaat) |
| Madd Leen ‘Aarid | A temporary Sukoon (from stopping) after a Letter of Leen | شَفَتَيْنِ | Up to 3 Alif (6 Harakaat) |
One Alif here means about two counts, so 2 Alif is about four counts and 3 Alif about six. The sign of a long Madd in the Quran is the wavy line (ـٓ) over the letter.
How to Tell the Types Apart
- Look for Hamzah. If a Hamzah follows in the same word, it is Muttasil; in the next word, Munfasil.
- Look for Sukoon or Tashdeed. If it is part of the word (original), the Madd is Lazim, the longest. If it only appears because you stop at the end of a verse (temporary), the Madd is ‘Aarid.
- Look at the letter before it. After a Letter of Leen (وْ or یْ with a Fathah before), the same rules give Leen Lazim and Leen ‘Aarid.
Mistakes to Watch For
- Stretching every Madd the same. جَآءَ (4 or 5 counts) is shorter than جَآنٌّ (6 counts).
- Uneven stretching. Choose one length for Muttasil and Munfasil and keep it the same throughout a recitation.
- Stretching in the middle of a verse for ‘Aarid. Madd ‘Aarid only exists when you actually stop.
A Five-Minute Practice Plan
- Minute 1: say the six names in order and the cause of each.
- Minute 2: compare natural Madd and Muttasil: جَا then جَآءَ.
- Minute 3: count on your fingers while stretching جَآنٌّ to six.
- Minute 4: read مُسْلِمُوْنَ once without stopping, then once stopping on it.
- Minute 5: read the Check Yourself line below and name each Madd.
Check Yourself
جَآءَ · فِيْٓ اَنْفُسِكُمْ · جَآنٌّ · مُسْلِمُوْنَ
Source: the page shown above is from the Madani Qa‘idah (English edition), Lesson 17, book page 37, published by Maktaba-tul-Madinah (Dawat-e-Islami). Lesson notes written by Learning Quraan.
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Page images: Madani Qa’idah, published by Maktaba-tul-Madinah (Dawat-e-Islami), shown here as a study reference.
